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Зимни гуми в Европа

Изисквания по държави, вериги и шипове

От 2024 г. в повечето европейски страни важат нови правила за зимните гуми. Маркировката M+S вече не е достатъчна — изисква се символът 3PMSF.

What Changed in 2024?

From October 1, 2024, in Germany, Austria, and other EU countries, tires with 3PMSF marking (Three Peak Mountain Snow Flake) — a pictogram of a mountain peak with a snowflake — are mandatory for winter driving. The old M+S (Mud and Snow) marking no longer meets the requirements.

Why does this matter? 3PMSF tires undergo special snow surface tests and provide better safety at temperatures below +7°C.

Country Classification by Requirement Type

Mandatory Periods

Fixed dates: winter tires mandatory regardless of weather

Situational Requirements

Winter tires required during winter conditions (snow, ice, frost)

Regional Rules

Requirements depend on region or altitude

Requirements by Country

🇦🇹 Австрия November 1 — April 15
Requirement Mandatory during winter conditions. 3PMSF or M+S until 2024, only 3PMSF from 2024.
Fine from €35 to €5000
Tread depth min. 4 mm
Notes Chains can replace winter tires on marked sections.
🇩🇪 Германия During winter conditions (situational)
Requirement Mandatory in snow, ice, frost, slippery conditions. From 01.10.2024 only 3PMSF.
Fine from €60 to €120
Tread depth min. 1.6 mm (4 mm recommended)
Notes Without winter tires in an accident — automatic partial liability.
🇨🇭 Швейцария No mandatory period
Requirement Recommended. In accidents without winter tires — partial liability.
Fine No direct fine
Tread depth min. 1.6 mm (4 mm recommended)
Notes Insurance may deny claims.
🇮🇹 Италия November 15 — April 15 (varies by region)
Requirement Mandatory on marked roads. Alternative — chains in trunk.
Fine from €41 to €168
Tread depth min. 1.6 mm
Notes Stricter requirements in Alps and Aosta Valley.
🇫🇷 Франция November 1 — March 31 (mountain regions)
Requirement Mandatory in 48 mountain departments (Loi Montagne).
Fine €135
Tread depth min. 3.5 mm
Notes Chains or snow socks — alternative.
🇵🇱 Полша No mandatory period
Requirement Not mandatory, but recommended.
Fine None
Tread depth min. 1.6 mm
Notes In accidents without winter tires — possible partial liability.
🇨🇿 Чехия November 1 — March 31
Requirement Mandatory during winter conditions or on marked sections.
Fine up to €80
Tread depth min. 4 mm
Notes Mandatory on highways and expressways.
🇸🇰 Словакия November 15 — March 31
Requirement Mandatory when snow on road or temperature below 0°C.
Fine up to €100
Tread depth min. 3 mm
Notes On all wheels, including trailers.
🇭🇺 Унгария November 1 — April 15 (during winter conditions)
Requirement Mandatory when snow or ice on road.
Fine up to €100
Tread depth min. 1.6 mm
Notes Chains can be an alternative.
🇷🇴 Румъния November 1 — March 31
Requirement Mandatory on roads with warning or during winter conditions.
Fine up to €200
Tread depth min. 4 mm
Notes Chains may be mandatory on mountain roads.
🇧🇬 България November 15 — March 1
Requirement Mandatory winter tires or chains.
Fine €25
Tread depth min. 4 mm
Notes M+S marking sufficient.
🇸🇮 Словения November 15 — March 15
Requirement Mandatory during winter conditions.
Fine from €120 to €500
Tread depth min. 3 mm
Notes Alternative — summer tires + chains in trunk.
🇭🇷 Хърватия November 15 — April 15
Requirement Mandatory on certain sections during winter conditions.
Fine up to €130
Tread depth min. 4 mm
Notes Chains may be required on mountain passes.
🇷🇸 Сърбия November 1 — April 1
Requirement Mandatory during winter conditions or on marked sections.
Fine up to €50
Tread depth min. 4 mm
Notes Chains mandatory in trunk during winter period.
🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina November 15 — April 15
Requirement Mandatory during winter conditions.
Fine up to €75
Tread depth min. 4 mm
Notes Chains recommended in mountainous areas.
🇲🇪 Montenegro November 15 — March 31
Requirement Mandatory on snow or ice.
Fine up to €150
Tread depth min. 4 mm
Notes Chains mandatory on mountain roads.
🇲🇰 North Macedonia October 15 — March 15
Requirement Mandatory during winter conditions.
Fine up to €45
Tread depth min. 4 mm
Notes Chains mandatory on mountain sections.
🇦🇱 Albania No clear period
Requirement Recommended during winter conditions.
Fine None
Tread depth min. 1.6 mm
Notes Chains recommended in mountainous regions.
🇽🇰 Kosovo November 1 — April 1
Requirement Mandatory during winter conditions.
Fine up to €40
Tread depth min. 4 mm
Notes Chains mandatory on passes.
🇹🇷 Turkey December 1 — April 1 (for trucks)
Requirement For cars — recommended. For trucks — mandatory.
Fine up to €50
Tread depth min. 1.6 mm
Notes Chains mandatory on mountain passes.
🇬🇷 Greece No mandatory period
Requirement Recommended in mountainous regions.
Fine None
Tread depth min. 1.6 mm
Notes Chains mandatory on some mountain roads.
🇧🇪 Belgium No mandatory period
Requirement Not mandatory.
Fine None
Tread depth min. 1.6 mm
Notes In accidents without winter tires — possible partial liability.
🇳🇱 Netherlands No mandatory period
Requirement Not mandatory.
Fine None
Tread depth min. 1.6 mm
Notes Recommended when traveling to mountainous regions.
🇱🇺 Luxembourg During winter conditions
Requirement Mandatory in snow, ice, frost.
Fine up to €74
Tread depth min. 1.6 mm
Notes M+S or 3PMSF.
🇸🇪 Sweden December 1 — March 31
Requirement Mandatory during winter conditions.
Fine up to €100
Tread depth min. 3 mm
Notes Studded tires allowed October 1 — April 15.
🇳🇴 Norway November 1 — first Sunday after Easter
Requirement Mandatory during winter conditions.
Fine up to €750
Tread depth min. 3 mm
Notes Studded tires allowed with fee in cities.
🇫🇮 Finland November 1 — March 31 (or later)
Requirement Mandatory during winter period.
Fine up to €100
Tread depth min. 3 mm
Notes Studded tires allowed November 1 — Monday after Easter.
🇩🇰 Denmark No mandatory period
Requirement Not mandatory.
Fine None
Tread depth min. 1.6 mm
Notes Studded tires allowed November 1 — April 15.
🇪🇪 Estonia December 1 — March 1
Requirement Mandatory winter tires.
Fine up to €400
Tread depth min. 3 mm
Notes Studded tires allowed October 15 — March 31.
🇱🇻 Latvia December 1 — March 1
Requirement Mandatory winter tires.
Fine up to €30
Tread depth min. 4 mm
Notes Studded tires allowed October 1 — May 1.
🇱🇹 Lithuania November 10 — April 1
Requirement Mandatory winter tires.
Fine up to €30
Tread depth min. 3 mm
Notes Studded tires allowed November 1 — April 1.

Вериги за сняг и snow socks

В много страни веригите за сняг или текстилните \"snow socks\" са задължителни в определени зони.

When are chains required?

On road sections with the "Chains mandatory" sign (blue circular sign with chain symbol). Usually mountain passes and winding roads.

Types of Chains

Metal Chains

Classic option. Best grip on snow and ice. Requires practice to install.

Snow Socks (Textile)

Lighter, easier to install. EN 16662-1 standard. Allowed as alternative in most countries.

Spider / Spikes

Quick mounting. Suitable for passenger cars. More expensive than regular chains.

Type Comparison

Type Grip Installation Max Speed Price
Metal Chains Excellent Difficult 50 km/h €30-80
Snow Socks (Textile) Good Easy 50 km/h €50-120
Spider / Spikes Excellent Very easy 50 km/h €150-300

Шипови гуми в Европа

Шиповите гуми са разрешени в някои страни, но забранени в много други поради повреди по асфалта.

Разрешени в: Скандинавия, Австрия (Окт-Май), Швейцария (Ноем-Апр), Италия (само северни региони).

Finland, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania — with date restrictions. Austria — only on some marked roads.

Countries Where Studs Are Banned

Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Slovenia, Italy (except South Tyrol), France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg.

Partial Restrictions

Switzerland — allowed but banned on motorways. Italy — allowed only in South Tyrol Nov 15-Apr 15.

Обобщена таблица по държави

Пълна информация за изискванията за зимни гуми в 31 европейски държави

Държава Задължително? Период Мин. дълбочина Маркировка Глоба (€) Шипове
🇦🇹 Австрия Да (ситуационно) Nov 1 - Apr 15 4 mm 3PMSF or M+S €100-10,000 Разрешени (Oct 1 - May 31)
🇧🇪 Belgium Не N/A 1.6 mm N/A Н/П Забранени
🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina Да Nov 15 - Apr 15 4 mm M+S €Variable Забранени
🇧🇬 България Да (ситуационно) Nov 15 - Mar 1 4 mm M+S or 3PMSF €25 Забранени
🇭🇷 Хърватия Да (ситуационно) Nov 15 - Apr 15 4 mm M+S or 3PMSF €100 Забранени
🇨🇿 Чехия Да (ситуационно) Nov 1 - Mar 31 4 mm (<3.5t), 6 mm (>3.5t) M+S or 3PMSF €55-92 Забранени
🇩🇰 Denmark Не N/A 3 mm N/A Н/П Разрешени (Oct 1 - Apr 15)
🇪🇪 Estonia Да Dec 1 - Mar 1 3 mm 3PMSF (since Dec 2022) €Variable Разрешени (Oct 15 - Mar 31)
🇫🇮 Finland Да (ситуационно) Dec 1 - Mar 31 3 mm M+S or 3PMSF €Variable Разрешени (Nov 1 - Mar 31)
🇫🇷 Франция Да (регионално) Nov 1 - Mar 31 1.6 mm 3PMSF + M+S (2024+) €135 Разрешени (Nov - Mar)
🇩🇪 Германия Да (ситуационно) When conditions require 1.6 mm 3PMSF only (since Oct 2024) €60 + points Забранени
🇬🇷 Greece Не N/A 1.6 mm N/A Н/П Разрешени (if conditions)
🇭🇺 Унгария Не N/A 1.6 mm N/A Н/П Забранени
🇮🇹 Италия Да (регионално) Nov 15 - Apr 15 1.6 mm M+S (3PMSF preferred) €80-300+ Разрешени (Nov 15 - Mar 15 (<3.5t))
🇱🇻 Latvia Да Dec 1 - Mar 1 4 mm 3PMSF (since Dec 2024) €Variable Разрешени (Oct 1 - May 1)
🇱🇹 Lithuania Да Nov 10 - Apr 1 3 mm 3PMSF or M+S €Variable Разрешени (Nov 1 - Apr 9)
🇱🇺 Luxembourg Да (ситуационно) When conditions require 1.6 mm M+S or 3PMSF €Variable Разрешени (Dec 1 - Mar 31)
🇳🇱 Netherlands Не N/A 1.6 mm N/A Н/П Забранени
🇳🇴 Norway Да (ситуационно) Nov 1 - after Easter 3 mm M+S or 3PMSF €Variable Разрешени (fees in cities)
🇵🇱 Полша Не N/A 1.6 mm N/A Н/П Забранени
🏳 Португалия Не N/A 1.6 mm N/A Н/П Забранени
🇷🇴 Румъния Да (ситуационно) Nov 1 - Mar 31 1.6 mm M+S or 3PMSF €Variable Разрешени (if conditions)
🇷🇸 Сърбия Да (ситуационно) Nov 1 - Apr 1 4 mm M+S €Variable Забранени
🇸🇰 Словакия Да (ситуационно) Nov 15 - Mar 31 4 mm M+S or 3PMSF €50-100 Забранени
🇸🇮 Словения Да Nov 15 - Mar 15 3 mm M+S €40-1,000 Забранени
🏳 Испания Не N/A 1.6 mm N/A Н/П Разрешени (Nov 15 - Mar 31)
🇸🇪 Sweden Да (ситуационно) Dec 1 - Mar 31 3 mm M+S or 3PMSF €Variable Разрешени (Oct 1 - Apr 15)
🇨🇭 Швейцария Не N/A 1.6 mm (4 mm recommended) M+S or 3PMSF (recommended) €Liability risk Разрешени (Nov 1 - Apr 30)
🏳 Украйна Не N/A 1.6 mm N/A Н/П Разрешени (recommended)
🏳 Великобритания Не N/A 1.6 mm N/A Н/П Разрешени (speed limits)

Data current as of 2026. Please verify with official sources before traveling.

Практични съвети

Проверете дълбочината на протектора

Повечето страни изискват минимум 4 мм за зимни гуми.

Научете се да слагате вериги преди пътуването

Поставянето на вериги на минусова температура без опит може да е много трудно.

Носете документи за гумите

При проверка може да поискат етикет или сертификат на гумите.

Проверявайте актуализациите на регулациите

Правилата за зимни гуми се променят — Германия въведе 3PMSF изискването през 2024 г.

Check Your Insurance

Some insurance companies may deny claims for winter accidents if the car had summer tires. Clarify policy terms.

Plan Your Route

Check requirements for all countries on your route. Rules can differ even in neighboring regions.

Често задавани въпроси (ЧЗВ)

Мога ли да вляза в Германия с гуми M+S без 3PMSF?
От 1 октомври 2024 — не. Ако на пътя има сняг, лед или заледяване, гумите с маркировка 3PMSF са задължителни. Глобата е от €60.
Каква е разликата между M+S и 3PMSF?
M+S (Mud and Snow) е стара маркировка без стандартизирани тестове. 3PMSF (символ на планина с три върха и снежинка) гарантира преминати тестове за зимни условия.
Какви гуми са необходими за преминаване на Австрия?
От 1 ноември до 15 април при зимни условия са необходими зимни гуми с минимална дълбочина на протектора 4 мм или вериги за сняг.
Къде са забранени шиповете в Европа?
Шиповете са забранени в Германия, Полша, Чехия, Словакия, Унгария, Румъния, България, Холандия и Белгия.
Snow socks — валидна ли е алтернатива на веригите?
Да, ако отговарят на стандарта EN 16662-1. В Австрия и Германия се приемат като алтернатива на веригите, но на места с табела "вериги задължителни" може да се изискват метални вериги.
How do I know if there's a "chains mandatory" sign?
Sign C.18 (blue circle with chain) is placed before sections where chains are mandatory. Navigation apps often warn about such sections.
Are Ukrainian winter tires valid in Europe?
If the tires have 3PMSF or M+S marking and meet tread depth requirements — yes. The main thing is the appropriate marking.
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